BIBLIOS

Document type
Book chapters


Title
Hierarchical Zeolites for Environmentally Friendly Friedel Crafts Acylation Reactions

Participants in the publication
Ana P. Carvalho (Author)
Angela Martins (Author)
Filomena Martins (Author)
FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS DA UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA
Dep. Química e Bioquímica
CQE
Nelson Nunes (Author)
Rúben Elvas‐Leitão (Author)

Summary
\\n\\nFriedel-Crafts acylation reactions are an important synthetic route to obtain several intermediates in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, dyes, fragrances, and agrochemicals. The reaction is generally performed in the presence of homogeneous Lewis acid type catalysts such as AlCl 3 or strong Brönsted acids such as H 2 SO 4 or HF. However, these catalysts present serious environmental problems associated with toxicity hazards, dangerous handling, and difficult or even impossible separation and recovery. Zeolites are widely used heterogeneous catalysts in refining and petrochemical processes due to a unique combination of properties such as high surface area and well-defined microporosity, high thermal and mechanical stability and customized acidity. Yet, their use in liquid-phase reactions to produce fine chemicals is still limited since these processes involve large molecules that cannot easily diffuse to the active sites located inside the micropores. To overcome this limitation, the use of hierarchical zeolites, comprising mesopores in addition to the original microporosity has been reported in the literature with promising results for several zeolites structures.\\n\\nThis chapter provides a comprehensive examination of the recent developments with respect to the different methodologies used in the production of hierarchical zeolites and their characterization. Illustrative examples of the application of these catalysts in Friedel Crafts acylation reactions with a representative set of substrates will be presented, focusing on the advantages of hierarchical zeolites compared with conventional ones, especially in the presence of molecules with high industrial relevance.\\n\\nAdditionally, this chapter will also show how quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR), a methodology widely applied in the last decades to establish meaningful correlations between a given physicochemical, biological, or environmental response and a set of properties that influence the process under study, might be used to understand the combined effects of the properties of zeolites and substrates in this type of catalytic processes, thus contributing to improvements in the design of these catalysts for specific purposes.\\n\\n

Editor(s)
A.J.L. Pombeiro, M. Sutradhar, E.C.B.A. Alegria


Institution
FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS DA UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA

Where published
Catalysis for a Sustainable Environment

Publication Identifiers
ISBN - 9781119870647

Publisher
Wiley



Document Identifiers
DOI - https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119870647.ch27
URL - https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119870647.ch27

Rankings
FCUL CC Recognition (2024)

Keywords
Friedel-Crafts; acylation; zeolites; hierarchical catalysts; QSPR analysis.