BIBLIOS

Document type
Journal articles

Document subtype
Full paper

Title
Blue Light of the Digital Era: A Comparative Study of Devices

Participants in the publication
Vladimiro Hipólito (Author)
João M. P. Coelho (Author)
Dep. Física
IBEB

Summary
The prevalence of digital devices in modern society has raised concerns about the potential negative effects of blue-light emissions on eye health and biological rhythms. Research into blue light emissions from digital devices and their potential impact on eye health emphasizes the importance of understanding and quantifying the extent and scope of blue light emissions produced by commonly used screens (smartphones, tablets, and computers). The goal of this study was to implement a set of methodologies to analyze this emission. A comparative study specifically evaluated three popular Apple devices: the iPhone 12 mini®, iPad Pro 12.9®, and the MacBook Pro®. The devices’ spectral power was measured using a spectroradiometer while displaying text and a game at different brightness levels. The laboratory measurements are compared to known solar irradiance, and all devices tested show blue wavelength peaks between 445 nm and 455 nm, with no expected immediate photobiological risk. We quantified the spectral emission from the three device categories and concluded that blue light levels should not significantly affect eye health. The measurements carried out indicated that the blue irradiance received by the human eye during one minute outdoors is greater than the blue light received by digital devices in approximately 24 h. This study also examines the effectiveness of blue-blocking lenses from well-known brands. The research highlights the importance of quantifying blue light emissions and understanding their potential impact on eye health, so appropriate measures can be developed to mitigate, if needed, adverse effects on ocular structures. A need to clarify the efficacy and usefulness of blue-blocking ophthalmic lenses still remains.


Where published
Photonics

Publication Identifiers
ISSN - 2304-6732

Publisher
MDPI AG



Document Identifiers
DOI - https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11010093
URL - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics11010093

Rankings
SCIMAGO Q2 (2021) - 558 - Instrumentation