BIBLIOS

Document type
Journal articles

Document subtype
Full paper

Title
Distinctive genetic signatures of two fairy shrimp species with overlapping ranges in Iberian temporary ponds

Participants in the publication
Regina Lopes da Cunha (Author)
centro de ciências do mar do algarve
Jordi Sala (Author)
Margarida Machado (Author)
centro de ciências do mar do algarve
Dani Boix (Author)
Celine Madeira (Author)
Pedro Madeira (Author)
Margarida Cristo (Author)
centro de ciências do mar do algarve
Luís Cancela da Fonseca (Author)
LMG - Laboratório Marítimo da Guia (FCUL)
CTA - Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias da Água, Universidade do Algarve
MARE
Rita Castilho (Author)
centro de ciências do mar do algarve

Summary
Abstract\\n1. Temporary lentic water bodies host biotic assemblages adapted to the transient nature of these freshwater habitats. Fairy shrimps (Crustacea, Branchiopoda, Anostraca) are one of the most important biological components of these unique environments and have a fossil record dating back to the Middle Jurassic (>150 million years).\\n2. Some anostracan species show a geographically restricted distribution, whereas others are widely dispersed. We aimed to investigate the relationship between different geographic extents and patterns of genetic structure in species of Anostraca. Following this objective, we selected two species with contrasting ranges but overlapping geographic distributions and similar life-history traits in the study area. We analysed additional information that, from an ecological (e.g. egg-bank, niche breadth, and pond connectivity) and evolutionary (e.g. crown- group age of each species) perspective, may explain the obtained phylogeographic patterns.\\n3. Between2005and2018,wesampledtwospeciesoffairyshrimps(309specimens of Branchipus cortesi and 264 specimens of Tanymastix stagnalis) from 53 tempo- rary ponds of Portugal. We added five other locations from Spain and France to include other European locations for T. stagnalis. Additionally, we also sampled Branchipus schaefferi from two temporary water bodies (Spain and Morocco) to include in the dating analysis.\\n4. Reconstructedphylogeniesbasedonmitochondrialsequencedataindicatetheex- istence of deeply divergent clades with an unequivocal phylogeographic structure in T. stagnalis and shallower divergences in B. cortesi with a less clear geographic correspondence. We found evidence of frequent local and rare long-distance dis- persal events in both species and limited intermediate dispersal, which was more common in B. cortesi. A Bayesian dating analysis using the Branchiopoda fossil record estimated the age of the most recent common ancestors of T. stagnalis and B. cortesi at 32.4 and 12.8 million years, respectively.\\n5. Haplotype accumulation curves indicated that only a portion of the genetic composition of the species was sampled on each hydroperiod and showed theexistence of large, genetically diverse egg banks that remain in the soil. These egg banks represent a genetic reservoir that guarantees the survival of the species be- cause active populations from different hydroperiods may be genetically different and adapt to a changing environment.\\n6. Wehypothesisethatthecontrastingphylogeographicpatternsdisplayedbythetwo fairy shrimp species may result from: (1) the earlier age of the most recent common ancestor of T. stagnalis, as older species have more time to accumulate mutations and, thus, are expected to exhibit higher genetic differentiation among populations; (2) slight differences in adult behaviour, life-history traits and cyst morphologies of T. stagnalis and B. cortesi favouring different animal dispersal vectors with distinct dispersal abilities. Therefore, phylogeographic patterns may be explained by both evolutionary and ecological processes, which operate in different time scales.


Institution
MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Universidade de Lisboa

Where published
Freshwater Biology

Publication Identifiers
ISSN - 0046-5070

Publisher
Wiley



Document Identifiers
DOI - https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13782
URL - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13782

Keywords
Branchipus cortesi high genetic diversity Mediterranean temporary ponds Tanymastix stagnalis temporal dispersal